人口与经济

延迟退休年龄对居民收入分配的影响———基于异质性代理人的分析

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作者：黄乾, 方守林

单位：南开大学经济学院, 天津 300071

关键词：延迟退休年龄; 居民收入分配; 异质性代理人; 动态一般均衡模型

分类号：F069. 9

出版年,卷(期):页码：2022(04):30-41

摘要：

延迟退休年龄是积极应对人口老龄化的重要举措, 构建异质性代理人的动态一般均衡模型并使用数值模拟方法分析延迟退休年龄对居民收入分配的响。研究结果表明, 第一, 延迟退休年龄缩小了居民收入分配差距。每延迟退休一年, 居民收入分配的 Gini 系数平均降低 17%。延迟退休年龄对居民收入分配影响的边际效应是递减的, 居民收入分配 Gini 系数对延迟退休年龄的半弹性随延迟退休年龄的增加而减少。因此, 延迟退休年龄有助于实现全体人民的共同富裕。较低的相对
风险厌恶系数、较低的养老金替代率和较高的资本产出弹性对应较低的居民收入分配差距。第二, 总消费随着延迟退休年龄的增加而增加。居民总消费对延迟退休年龄的半弹性平均为 3.92%。较低的相对风险厌恶系数、较高的养老金替代率和较低的资本产出弹性对应较高的居民总消费。第三, 延迟退休年龄增加了全体居民的福利。居民总福利对延迟退休年龄的半弹性平均为 8. 49%, 较低的相对风险厌恶系数、较低的资本产出弹性和较高的养老金替代率对应较高的居民总福利和退休居民的平均福利。本文采用的方法对于研究居民收入分配有一定的借鉴意义, 研究结论对于理解延迟退休年龄对居民收入分配的影响提供了一个新的视角, 对延迟退休年龄政策的制定具有一定的参考意义。

Delaying retirement age is an important measure to actively respond to population aging. A dynamic general equilibrium model of heterogeneous agents is constructed and
numerical simulation method is used to analyze the impact of delaying retirement age on
residents’ income distribution. The results of the study show as follows: Firstly, delaying
retirement age has narrowed the income distribution gap of residents. For each year of
delayed retirement, the Gini coefficient of residents’ income distribution decreases by 17%
on average. The marginal effect of delayed retirement age on residents’ income distribution is decreasing, and the semi-elasticity of the Gini coefficient of residents’ income distribution to the delayed retirement age decreases with the increase of delayed retirement age. Therefore, raising the retirement age will help to achieve common prosperity for all people. Lower relative risk aversion coefficient, lower pension replacement rate and higher capital output elasticity correspond to lower income distribution gap. Secondly, delaying the retirement age increases the total consumption of residents. The average semi-elasticity of
residents’ total consumption to the delayed retirement age is 3. 92%. Lower relative risk
aversion coefficient, higher pension replacement rate and lower elasticity of capital output correspond to higher total household consumption. Thirdly, raising the retirement age increases the welfare of all residents. The average semi-elasticity of resident benefits to the delayed retirement age is 8. 49%. Lower relative risk aversion, lower elasticity of capital output, and higher replacement rate correspond to higher total resident welfare and average welfare for retired residents. The research method of this paper can be used as reference significance for the study of residents ’ income distribution. Meanwhile, the research
conclusions can provide a new perspective for understanding the impact of delaying
retirement age on residents’ income distribution, which has a certain reference significance
for the formulation of delayed retirement age policies.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金项目 “全面二孩政策对老年人健康的影响、作用机制与社会支持政策模拟” (72074128);天津市研究生科研创新项目 “ 生育政策优化对居民收入分配的影响、作用机制与政策支持模拟”(2021YJSB032)。

作者简介：

黄乾, 经济学博士, 南开大学经济学院教授, 博士生导师; 方守林, 南开大学经济学院博士研究生。

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