In the process of social structure transformation in my country’s rural areas, the traditional family pension function has gradually weakened, and mutual assistance has become an important way to cope with the insufficient supply of rural pensions. However, from the practical results, mutual support for the elderly relies heavily on government investment, lacks endogenous motivation, and has practical problems such as low participation of the elderly and low utilization of facilities. This paper introduces the theory of social capital into the generalized productive framework, and analyzes the influence and path of community service and social capital on the willingness of the rural elderly to support mutual assistance. The study found that the utilization of community services is a typical generalized productive reciprocity, which can directly increase the willingness of the elderly to help each other in the elderly, and can also enhance the willingness of the elderly to help each other in the elderly through the mediating effect of social network, social trust and value identification in social capital. 11. 18% of the total effect of community service utilization on mutual support willingness is transmitted through social network, 18. 86% is transmitted through social trust, and 30. 02% is transmitted through value identification. In addition to the key variables, psychological status, old-age insurance and medical insurance also have significant effects on the willingness to support mutual support. The elderly with better physical and psychological conditions and the elderly whose main occupation is farmer have a higher conversion rate of community service utilization. The article proposes that forming the interdependent relationship between individuals and community collectives in the community is the key to enhancing social capital and increasing the willingness to participate in mutual support for the elderly. It is recommended to further improve the level of community service supply on the basis of ensuring basic elderly care services, and guide the elderly to participate in community services; cultivate the social capital of rural communities, and build local social organizations such as voluntary organizations, elderly groups, and cultural groups; Implement “precise” pension support by object and region.
