人口与经济

社会化养老趋势下社会照料与家庭照料的关系

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作者：刘柏惠 ¹, 寇恩惠 ²

单位： 1. 中国社会科学院财经战略研究院, 北京 100836;
2. 中央财经大学税务学院, 北京 100081

关键词：老年照料;家庭照料;社会照料;作用机制

分类号：C913.6

出版年,卷(期):页码：2015,36(1):22-33

摘要：

我国老年社会照料的供需差距要求合理搭配社会与家庭的功能,以最小成本提供足量优质服务。本文基于微观数据考察社会与家庭在提供老年照料中的相互作用机制,发现社会照料能够每周减少45.84小时的家庭照料时间,替代效应明显。这种作用在不同的人群和服务类型中表现不同:独居老人替代效应更明显,基于社区的照料与家庭照料反而呈互补关系。这些结论表明,我国还应继续借助社会照料的发展来解放家庭中的潜在劳动力,尤其要加强对空巢老人的照料,并在社区照料中发挥与家庭的协同作用。这对于完善公平可持续的社会养老服务体系、维持劳动力市场的稳定性都具有较强的借鉴意义。

The gap between social elderly care needs and supply capacity require a rational combination of society and family, and supply adequate quality service with minimum cost.On the basis of micro-data, this paper inspects the interaction mechanism of society and family in the process of providing elderly care.We find that social care can reduce 45.84 hours family care per week, which implies a distinct substitution effect.This effect is quite different among groups and service types.Elders living alone have a much obvious substitution effect, and care based on community is complementary to family care on the contrary.These results show that we should continue to liberate the potential labor force of the family, and care should be emphasized on empty-nest elders, the synergistic effect with family should be enhanced in community care.This conclusions we get in this paper are of great reference significance in improving the fair and sustainable social elderly service system and maintaining the stability of labor market.

基金项目：

教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目"最低工资对中国城镇居民收入分配的影响研究"(14YJC790056);国家自然科学基金青年项目"最低工资与城镇减贫:影响机制与实际效果的微观体验"(71403289)

作者简介：

刘柏惠,经济学博士,中国社会科学院财经战略研究院助理研究员;寇恩惠,经济学博士,中央财经大学税务学院讲师

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