In order to investigate the mechanism of relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health among urban elderly, this study followed up 2766 urban elderly in Shenyang City for nine years;and 506 deaths were utilized to analyze the structural relationship between SES, leisure activity, health status and survival time by Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that SES not only had direct impacts on health status, but also affected health status by means of cultural leisure activity. However, SES and cultural leisure activity only demonstrated indirect effects on survival time via changing health status rather than exerting direct effects. Based on previous explanations of lifestyles and material resources on mechanism between SES and health, the study put forward cultural leisure activity as a complement mediator of the urban elderly health. The elderly with higher SES went outside frequently due to more cultural leisure activities, which promotes social health, abilities of daily living, and psychological health, prolong survival time indirectly.
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