This paper applied the ecological footprint model in the study of population carrying capacity, calculated the population carrying capacity of Xinjiang between 2006 and 2008. The results showed that:although the total population in Xinjiang decreased slightly, but the downward trend of population carrying capacity is more obvious, population pressure has intensified; Xinjiang decrease in total and per capita ecological carrying capacity and increase in ecological footprint is direct cause of the population carrying capacity reduction and this trend will continue. Finally, according to the findings of population carrying capacity, combined with the existing population of Xinjiang, and put forward corresponding policy suggestions.