With the number of infections of HIV rising exponentially and the number of people living with HIV increasing rapidly both in China and in the world, Prevention and cure the HIV is not only a problem of the medical, the rage and widespread of HIV influences all kinds of human's living areas. The study of the prevention and cure the HIV should be carried out by multidiscipline. From the angle of demography the paper analyzes the characteristics of population structure of HIV, and then brings out the prevention and cure countermeasure of HIV base on demography. The result of the analysis is vital for the prevention and cure of HIV in Yunnan Province.