The ethnic population mainly live in western areas of China with odious ecological environment and backward socio-economic development, where the largest number of poverty population live in. Firstly, this paper discusses the regional coincide of population and poverty in western ethnic area, based on the region, population growth and the achievement of poverty alleviation of government. Then it discusses the causes of ethnic population becoming poverty on the aspects of regional development, social equality, the effects of policy implement and the humanity of poverty population. The paper argues that the services to poverty alleviation provided by the government and the humanity limitations of the ethnic population play significant role in the work's difficulties of poverty alleviation, though the poverty are mainly caused by the lag of regional development.
