Based on the data of a guard against AIDS survey conducted by the State Family Planning Commission of China in December,2000,from social,cultural and economic perspectives,the paper analyzes the difference of the knowledge and attitude on guard against AIDS.This paper tends to set a more scientific propaganda and instruction plan to guard against AIDS,then to maximize the efficiency of governmental capital to prevent AIDS.The paper points out that in the rural area of China where people prefer longterm contraception,innovation of science and technology is applicable to guard against AIDS.