人口与经济

为什么流向大城市？——基于城市集聚经济的估计

下载PDF阅读器

作者：田相辉 ¹, 徐小靓 ²

单位： 1. 青岛农业大学经济与管理学院, 山东青岛 266109;
2. 武汉大学中国中部发展研究院, 湖北武汉 430072

关键词：集聚经济;就业密度;工资方程;内生性

分类号：F293

出版年,卷(期):页码：2015,36(3):23-32

摘要：

城市集聚经济显著影响劳动力工资水平。文章综合利用城市宏观数据和劳动力微观个体数据,通过控制微观个体效应和运用工具变量法等手段,实现了中国城市集聚经济的有效估计。实证结果发现,中国城市经济发展中存在显著的集聚经济效应,就业密度更高的城市有能力支付给劳动力更高的工资,从而揭示了生产要素纷纷流向大城市和较发达地区的主要原因。因此,要科学推进中国的城市化进程,必须足够重视中国城市经济发展中存在的显著集聚经济效应,深化发达地区和大城市的开放程度,逐步消除要素流动的制度障碍。

Urban agglomeration economies significantly affect labor wages. This paper comprehensively uses city macro data and individual data of labor to effectively estimate urban agglomeration economies in China through the instrumental variable method.Empirical results show that there is a noticeable agglomeration economies' effect during the development of urban economy in China.The wages of the cities with greater employment density are higher.These results reveal the main reason that the labor force flows into big cities and more advanced regions.Thus, in order to promote urbanization scientifically in China, we should pay enough attention to significant agglomeration economy effects during urban economic development, deepen the openness of developed regions and big cities gradually eliminate the institutional obstacles.

基金项目：

山东省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目"山东省工业企业技术扩散机制及对策研究"(1114Y19);青岛农业大学高层次人才科研基金项目"集聚经济的识别与集聚政策研究"(1112336);青岛农业大学人文社会科学研究基金项目"山东省农业技术扩散的空间效应研究"(2314129)。

作者简介：

田相辉,经济学博士,青岛农业大学经济与管理学院讲师;徐小靓,武汉大学中国中部发展研究院博士研究生。

参考文献：

[1] CLARK G L, GERTLER M S, FELDMAN M P.The Oxford handbook of economic geography[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003:477-486.
[2] GLAESER E L, MARE D C.Cities and skills[J].Journal of Labor Economics, 2001, 19(2): 316-342.
[3] MION G, NATICCHONI P.Urbanization externalities, market potential and spatial sorting of skills and firms[R].CEPR Discussion Paper, No.5172, 2005.
[4] COMBES P P, DURANTON G, GOBILLON L.Spatial wage disparities: sorting matters![J].Journal of Urban Economics, 2008, 63(2) : 723-742.
[5] PUGA D.The magnitude and causes of agglomeration economies[J].Journal of Regional Science, 2010, 50(1) : 203-219.
[6] CICCONE A, HALL H R.Productivity and the density of economic activity[J].The American Economic Review, 1996, 86(1) : 54-70.
[7] GLAESER E L, RESSEGER M G.The complementarity between cities and skills[J].Journal of Regional Science, 2010, 50(1): 221-244.
[8] OTTAVIANO G."New" new economic geography: firm heterogeneity and agglomeration economies[J].Journal of Economic Geography, 2011, 11(2) :231-240
[9] VENABLES A J.Productivity in cities: self-selection and sorting[J].Journal of Economic Geography, 2011, 11(2) : 231-240.
[10] COMBES P P, DURANTON G, GOBILLON L, PUGA D, ROUX S.The productivity advantages of large cities: distinguishing agglomeration from firm selection[J].Econometrica, 2012, 80(6) : 2543-2594.
[11] 梁琦, 李晓萍, 简泽.异质性企业的空间选择与地区生产率差距研究[J].统计研究, 2013(6):51-57.
[12] COBES P P, DURANTON G, GOBILLON L, ROUX S.Estimating agglomeration economies with history, geology, and worker effects[M]//Glaeser E L. Agglomeration Economics. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2010:15-65.
[13] 王小鲁.中国城市化路径与城市规模的经济学分析[J].经济研究, 2010(10) : 20-32.
[14] 陆铭, 高虹, 佐藤宏.城市规模与包容性就业[J].中国社会科学, 2012(10) : 47-66.
[15] 丁成日, 谭善勇.中国城镇化发展特点、问题和政策误区[J].城市发展研究, 2013(10) : 28-34.
[16] COMBES P P, MAYER T, THISSE J F.Economic geography: the integration of regions and nations[M].Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008:283-291.
[17] COMBES P P, DURANTON G, GOBILLON L.The identification of agglomeration economies[J].Journal of Economic Geograph, 2011, 11(2) : 253-266.
[18] COMBES P P, DE MURGER S, LI Shi.Urbanisation and migration externalities in China[R]. GATE Working Paper, WP1303, 2013.
[19] 范剑勇.产业集聚与地区间劳动生产率差异[J].经济研究, 2006, (11) : 72-81.
[20] DURANTON G, PUGA D.Diversity and specialisation in cities: why, where and when does it matter?[J].Urban Studies, 2000, 37(3): 72-81.
[21] HEUERMANN D, HALFDANARSON B, SUEDEKUM J.Human capital externalities and the urban wage premium: two literatures and their interrelations[J].Urban Studies, 2010, 47(4) : 749-767.
[22] AU C C, HENDERSON J V.Are Chinese cities too small?[J].Review of Economic Studies, 2006, 73(3) : 549-576.
[23] 王美今, 林建浩, 胡毅.Ⅳ估计框架下模型设定检验问题的讨论[J].统计研究, 2012(2) : 82-89.
[24] 蔡昉.如何进一步转移农村剩余劳动力?[J].中共中央党校学报, 2012(1) : 85-88.

欢迎阅读《人口与经济》，您是本文的第位浏览者。