人口与经济

家庭资源约束、性别歧视和女孩生存—中国、韩国和印度的比较研究

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作者：李树茁¹, 莫尼卡·达·古普塔²

单位： 1. 西安交通大学人口与经济研究所, 西安 710049;
2. 哈佛大学人口与发展研究中心

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分类号：

出版年,卷(期):页码：1999,20(3):3-10

摘要：

中国、韩国和印度北部具有相似的能产生对女孩歧视的家族体系。而战争、饥荒和生育率下降等重大社会历史事件,相对提高了家庭资源约束,加剧了对女孩的歧视,从而导致了偏高的女孩死亡率。在1920~1990年间,印度具有相对最平静的历史;韩国其次,朝鲜战争这个非常困难时期导致性别歧视程度上升;而中国在本世纪前半叶经历了很严重的危机,内战和日本侵略导致非常巨大的动荡和不安,其后是1959~1961年的饥荒。这些都反映在中国"失踪"女孩的比例在这些时期急剧上升。这些说明家庭相对资源约束假设符合家庭资源分配和决策的实际情况,能够解释这些国家女孩死亡率偏高的情况。

基金项目：

联合国人口基金,美国福特基金会,美国麦克阿瑟基金

作者简介：

李树茁,西安交通大学人口与经济研究所所长,副教授。莫尼卡·达·古普塔(Monica Das Gupta),哈佛大学人口与发展研究中心,高级研究员。

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