一、研究背景和目的在过去的几十年中,特别是在70年代,中国经历了急剧的生育率下降。总和生育率从60年代末的6左右下降到1981年的2.6,到1990年又进一步下降到2.3。这样迅速的生育率转变引起了国内外人口学界的广泛关注,一度成为研究的热门题目。没有人会怀疑中国政府推行的计划生育对降低生育率起了重要作用,问题是中国的社会经济发展是否对生育率的转变也起了促进作用。由于可获得的资料的限制,早期的研究大都限于全国水平的分析,并普遍将生育率下降归功于计划生育政策。这类研究没有涉及中国生育率的地区差异,而正是这些生育率的差异,仅用计划生育政策是难以完全解释的。

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