In the face of the complex and changing，entrepreneurial environment and the increasingly close interpersonal needs，the non-cognitive skills of entrepreneurs are increasingly valued by the market．Based on the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey ( CDMS 2013) ，this paper uses the “Big Five”personality index to construct noncognitive ability，and uses the three－stage estimation method ( 3SLS) to test the effect of non-cognitive ability on the entrepreneurial income of rural-urban migrants and its possible mechanism．We find that，non-cognitive ability has a significant positive impact on rural migrants’entrepreneurship income. With the increase of income points, non-cognitive ability’s entrepreneurship returns gradually increases．Under different market conditions，non-cognitive entrepreneurship returns are different significantly. Rural-urban migrants from non-first-tier cities and entrepreneurship in service industries have obtained a more significant “capability premium”．These conclusions remain robust after considering endogenous problems and sample selection bias. Furthermore, this paper examines three possible mechanisms of non-cognitive ability affecting entrepreneurship returns，and confirms the existence of social capital effect, marginal utility of education and allocation structure effect. The improvement of non-cognitive ability helps to strengthen the social capital level of rural-urban migrants, improve their marginal income of education, and also helps the group to carry out more chances of entrepreneurial activities, thus promoting the improvement of entrepreneurial returns of rural-urban migrants．
