The nutritional and health status of children is an important factor affecting their life-long development. However, the nutritional and health status of rural children in poor areas in China is not optimistic．In 2014，China launched the National Child Development Plan in poor areas to provide nutrition and health, medical and health care，school-age education and other guarantees for rural children in contiguous areas with special difficulties. This article draws on the quasi-natural experiment of the National Child Development Plan in poor areas，based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies data in 2010，2012，2014，2016 and 2018，and uses the Differences-in-Differences model to evaluate the impact of policy implementation on children’s nutrition and health development，exploring the influencing channels accordingly. The results showed that the implementation of the policy significantly improved the Height for Age Zscore of children. The influence channels include strengthening the birth health of newborns，reducing the risk of children suffering from diseases，and ensuring children’s education．Girls in the fast-growing period，left-behind children, and children with mothers with higher education are more sensitive to policy responses，meanwhile，the effect of improving nutrition and health is more significant．
