Based on improved analytical framework for productive aging and using the survey data of “The Elderly’s Life Welfare in Anhui Province”in 2018, this paper uses the potential category analysis method to analyze the productive aging of the elderly in rural areas and its influencing factors. The results show that there are four modes of productive aging of the rural elderly: low-intensity caring, high-intensity caring, working at home and working outside. The results of multi classification Logistic model show that gender, age, and functional status in personal factors, occupation and income in economic factors, marital status, living patterns and social networks in social factors have significant impacts on the productive aging of the rural elderly, while environment factors haven’t significant effect. The conclusion of this study is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the productive participation, develop the human resources and promote the health and well-being of older persons in Chinese rural areas.
