People’ s health is an important symbol of national prosperity and strength, and health equality and the level of health are key issues related to the realization of the goal of building a healthy China. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to determine the influencing factors for improving residents’ health level and narrowing health inequalities. In this paper, the Generalized Ordered Probit Model is used to analyze the influencing factors of residents’ health, and the health inequality of residents was measured from the single dimension of health and the double dimension of health and income. The Erreygers index and RIF decomposition method are used to decompose the health inequalities. The results show that both income and education have a positive effect on health, but their main effect is to push people out of the bottom of the lowest health level, and then the effect of health promotion decreases. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle and family factors also have a significant impact on the residents’ health. The health level of urban residents is higher than that of rural residents, but the health inequalities of urban residents is greater than that of rural residents, and the health inequalities of coastal residents is greater than that of inland residents. The variation of health inequalities is divided into income growth effect, income distribution effect and income mobility effect. The results show that the income distribution effect contributes most to health inequality, and the increasing of income inequality is the main cause of the increasing of health inequalities, while the increase of income is beneficial to reduce health inequalities. RIF method is used to decompose variation in heath inequalities into the respective influencing factors, which finds that: 1 ) education can significantly reduce health inequalities. 2 ) Marriage, age and the sleep time are good for narrowing health inequalities. 3) Low weight and participation in social activities are not conducive to reducing health inequalities. 4) Childhood health can significantly affect residents’ health level, but not influence the residents’ health inequalities.
