人口与经济

开放与我国跨区域劳动力流动—一个新的理论解释

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作者：易苗¹, 周申²

单位： 1. 华东师范大学金融与统计学院, 上海 200241;
2. 南开大学经济学院, 天津 300071

关键词：经济开放;劳动力流动;产业集聚

分类号：F240

出版年,卷(期):页码：2014,35(4):51-64

摘要：

本文试图通过研究中国东部地区产业集聚过程中经济开放对劳动力流动的作用机制,解释我国在全球化过程中的大规模劳动力跨区域流动现象。建立了一个综合性的一般均衡新经济地理学模型,通过加入一个非盈利的公共交通部门引入了劳动力流动的交通成本,并在模型机理分析的基础上对中国的情况进行数值模拟,得到如下结论:经济开放触发了我国产业向东部集聚和劳动力的跨区域流动,并且是保持产业和劳动力向东部集聚的必要条件;经济开放通过影响迁移成本、就业、实际工资等因素影响迁移决定;经济开放对我国产业集聚、劳动力跨区域的流动具有促进作用,且经济开放程度越大这种促进作用越明显。只要我国对外开放的基本国策不变,在离心力超越向心力之前,产业仍将向东部地区集聚,这种中西部地区向东部地区的劳动力流动还将持续。

This research tries to explain why large scale labors migrate from the interior to the coast during China's globalization process. We shed a light on the mechanism of economy openness effect on labor interregional migration when industries agglomerate to Chinese eastern area. We construct a comprehensive general equilibrium new economy geography model. We add a non-profit public transportation sector to reflect the migration fee. Then,we analyze model's centripetal force and centrifugal force,make numerical simulation of the model according to Chinese conditions. The results show: during Chinese globalization process,economy openness is the trigger and essential condition of industry agglomeration and labor migration;economy openness will effect short-term equilibrium,and effect many variables determining labor migration decision,including employment, real wage and price index;economy openness would affect migration through affecting migration cost directly;economy openness would play role on the whole industry agglomeration process to effect labor movement;economy openness promote both industry agglomeration and labor interregional migration,and the degree of openness is deeper the promotion effect is more obvious. As long as China insists on basic policy of open economy,industry will still agglomerate in eastern area until centrifugal force beyond centripetal force,and the trend of labor movement from western area and middle area toward eastern area will continue.

基金项目：

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目 "全球化、经济结构差异与区域劳动力市场" (项目编号NKZXA1403)

作者简介：

易苗,经济学博士,华东师范大学金融与统计学院讲师;周申,南开大学经济学院教授。

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