人口与经济

雇佣规制测量:西方实践与启示

下载PDF阅读器

作者：代懋

单位：北京航空航天大学公共管理学院, 北京 100191

关键词：雇佣规制;测量;客观测量法;主观测量法

分类号：F241.32

出版年,卷(期):页码：2014,35(2):57-66

摘要：

西方国家十分重视对雇佣规制的量化研究,雇佣规制测量指数可以分为客观和主观两大类。前者基于对法律条款的量化测量,后者基于对专家、雇主或者雇员的问卷调查。本文对五种具有代表性的雇佣规制测量方法进行了梳理,并比较了其测量过程和测量结果。五种方法的测量过程具有较大差异,其测量覆盖面共有21个国家重叠,这为比较分析提供了较好的基础。测量结果发现客观测量法和主观测量法之间存在较为显著的相关性。就中国的测量结果来说,客观测量和主观测量结果出现了较大分歧,这表明需要在中国开展更深入的雇佣规制测量研究与实践探索。

In recent years different quantitative studies measuring the extent of employment regulations in developed economies have appeared. One kind of these studies is objective measurement, which is based on an extensive review and quantification of laws and regulations;the other is subjective measurement,which is based on opinion data of those familiar with these employment regulations. We analyze five typical measurements, compared the research process and results. Despite their methodologies is different, 21 repeated sample countries are beneficial for our compare analysis. The results implied the measures are significantly correlated, even though they differed in detail. But the results of subjective and objective indexes of employment regulations in China differ a lot, which suggests the derivation of more accurate measures of employment regulations in China.

基金项目：

国家社会科学基金重点项目"就业匹配与大学生就业促进"(09AZD038)。

作者简介：

代懋,北京航空航天大学公共管理学院讲师。

参考文献：

[1] Danielle Venn. Legislation, Collective Bargaining and Enforcement: Updating the OECD Employment Protection Indicators [DB/OL]. www.oecd.org/els/workingpapers, 2009.
[2] Botero, Juan C., Simeon Djankov, Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes and Andrei Shleifer. The Regulation of Labor [R]. The World Bank supported paper, 2004.
[3] Janine Berg and Sandrine Cazes. The Doing Business Indicators: Measurement Issues and Political Implications [R]. Economic and Labour Market Paper, 2007.
[4] James Gwartney, Robert Lawson and William Easterly. Economic Freedom of the World 2006 Annual Report [M]. Canada: The Fraser Institute, 2006.
[5] Davin Chor, Richard B. Freeman. The 2004 Global Labor Survey: Workplace Institutions and Practices around the World [R]. NBER Working Paper, No.11598, 2005.
[6] Addison, J. and J. Teixeira. The Economics of Employment Protection [J]. Journal of Labor Research, 2003, 24(1).
[7] Grubb, D. and W. Wells. Employment Regulation and Patterns of Work in EC Countries [J]. OECD Economic Studies, 1993, (21).
[8] OECD. The OECD Jobs Study: Facts, Analysis, Strategies [M]. Paris: OECD Publishing, 1994.
[9] OECD. Employment Outlook 1999[M].Paris: OECD Publishing, 1999.
[10] 同[1]
[11] 同[3] .
[12] Kagen, A. Robert. How Much Do National Styles of Law Matter [M]//Kagen, A.Robert. Regulatory Encounters: Multinational Corporation and American Adversarial Legalism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
[13] Bertola, G., Boeri, Tito, Cazes, Sandrine. Employment Protection and Labour Market Adjustment in OECD Countries: Evolving Institutions and Variable Enforcement [R]. Employment and Training Papers, No.48, 1999.
[14] 同[2] .
[15] 同[3] .
[16] 同[5] .
[17] 同[4] .
[18] OECD. Employment Outlook 2004[M].Paris: OECD Publishing, 2004.
[19] Ichino, A. and R.T. Riphahn. The Effect of Employment Protection on Worker Effort: A Comparison of Absenteeism during and after Probation [R]. IZA Discussion Paper,No. 385, 2001.
[20] 同[2] .
[21] Alvarez, Michael, Jose Cheibub, Fernando Limongi, and Adam Przeworski. ACLP Political and Economic Database Codebook [M]//Adam Przeworski. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Material Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
[22] Beck, Thorsten, George Clarke, Alberto Groff, Philip Keefer, and Patrick Walsh. New Tools and New Tests in Comparative Political Economy: The Database of Political Institutions [J]. World Bank Economic Review, 2001, 15(1).
[23] La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny. The Quality of Government [J]. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 1999, 15(1).
[24] 同[2] .
[25] 人力资源和社会保障部. 2012年度人力资源和社会保障事业发展统计公报 [EB/OL]. (2013/05/28) [2013/07/08]. http://www.clssn.com/html/Home/report/79217-1.htm.
[26] 杨琳. 劳动监察要突破什么 [J]. 瞭望, 2011, (9).
[27] [JP3]中国新闻网. 工商总局:全国私营企业数量占企业总数近80% [EB/OL]. (2013/04/19) [2013/07/10]. http://finance.chinanews.com/cj/2013/04-19/4746070.shtml.
[28] 新华网. 何鲁丽在人大常委会上作检查劳动法实施情况报告 [EB/OL]. (2005/12/29) [2013/07/10]. http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2005-12/29/content_140649.htm.

欢迎阅读《人口与经济》，您是本文的第位浏览者。