人口与经济

我国就业稳定性的变迁及其影响因素—基于中国综合社会调查数据的分析

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作者：孟凡强, 吴江

单位： 1. 仲恺农业工程学院管理学院, 广东广州 510225;
2. 暨南大学经济学院, 广东广州 510632

关键词：就业稳定性;任职期;离职

分类号：F241.4

出版年,卷(期):页码：2013,34(5):79-88

摘要：

基于2008年中国综合社会调查数据, 本文考察了我国就业稳定性的变迁及其影响因素, 研究发现改革开放以来我国就业稳定性呈现下降趋势, 并且这种下降主要归因于工人主动离职风险的提高, 这虽然是劳动力市场流动性提高的表现, 但这种流动是一种低层次的流动, 低学历工人、低职位工人、私企工人、女性工人等弱势群体成为劳动力市场上流动劳动力的主体。出现这种现象的原因在于利益诉求机制的缺失导致"用脚投票"成为多数弱势工人群体实现利益诉求的主要途径。这一低层次的流动形式不利于工人人力资本的积累, 有可能造成劳动力市场的低水平均衡状态, 并带来失业及劳资冲突等一系列问题。因此, 提高就业稳定性, 保护劳动力市场上弱势工人群体的利益, 构建富有弹性的雇佣关系是我国劳动力市场改革的新目标。

Based on data of China General Social Survey conducted in 2008, changes and influencing factors of employment stability in China are explored. The results show that: the employment stability has declined since the reform and opening up and this trend is mainly attributed to voluntary turnover. Although this means the increasing mobility of labor market, the fluidity is low level, workers who are less educated, in lower position, in private enterprise or female become the main body of mobility in labor market. Interpretation to this phenomenon lies in the lack stitutionalized mechanism for interest demands of workers that leads to "vote with their feet". This low level mobility is not conductive to the accumulation of workers' human capital, may leads to low level equilibrium in the labor market, and brings about a series of problems such as unemployment and labor conflict. Therefore, improving the employment stability, protecting of vulnerable groups of workers, and constructing flexible employment relationship become the new target of China's labor market reform.

基金项目：

广东省社科规划项目(GD10CYJ003、GD12CGL02);广东省普通高校人文社会科学重大攻关项目(11ZGM79002);广东教育厅人文社科基金项目(K1124610);中国国家社会科学基金资助的"中国综合社会调查(CGSS)"项目

作者简介：

孟凡强(1982-),山东德州人,经济学博士,仲恺农业工程学院管理学院讲师。研究方向:劳资关系、人力资源管理等。

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