人口与经济

劳动力素质、全要素生产率与地区经济增长—基于安徽省17个地级市的研究

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作者：魏峰, 江永红

单位：安徽大学经济学院, 安徽合肥 230601

关键词：安徽省;劳动力素质;全要素生产率;经济增长

分类号：F241

出版年,卷(期):页码：2013,34(4):30-38

摘要：

新经济增长理论认为,劳动力素质有助于提高全要素生产率(TFP)、促进地区经济增长。基于安徽省第五次和第六次人口普查数据,以安徽省17个地级市为样本,文章考察了安徽省地区劳动力素质状况,并运用曼奎斯特(Malmquist)指数法系统测算了安徽省2000~2010年的地区TFP增长率。研究发现:与劳动力素质的普遍提升相反,安徽省大多数地级市TFP近年来呈现负增长,劳动力素质的生产率增长效应未能显现;TFP增长的停滞说明,安徽省近年来的地区经济增长仍然主要依靠要素投入驱动,经济增长质量和持续性堪忧;除了劳动力素质整体水平仍然偏低以外,低科技成果转化率和不良政策导向可能是导致安徽省地区TFP负增长的重要因素。本文认为,消除GDP崇拜,转变经济发展方式;促进科技成果转化;构建统一的劳动力市场,进一步提高城乡劳动力素质和优化劳动力资源配置等,将有助于安徽省地区TFP和经济的增长。

The new economic growth theory believes,the quality of the labor force will help to improve total factor productivity (TFP) and to promote regional economic growth. Based on the 17 prefecture-level cities samples in Anhui Province in 5th and 6th census,this paper examines the quality of the labor force status of Anhui Province,calculates the regional TFP growth of Anhui Province by Malmquit index during 2000 and 2010. The result shows that: contrary to the general improvement of the quality of labor of Anhui Province,most of the prefecture-level city TFP appears negative growth in recent years,the growth effect of labor quality on productivity fail to appear;TFP growth's stagnation illustrates that the regional economic growth of Anhui Province is still mainly rely on inputs drive in recent years,so the quality and persistence of economic growth of Anhui Province deserve being worried about;in addition to the overall lower level of the labor quality,the low technological achievements conversion rate and the policy of government is an important cause of the negative TFP growth. This study suggests that we should eliminate GDP worship,change the mode of economic development,promote scientific and technological achievements into productive forces,build a unified labor market,further improve the quality of the labor force in urban and rural areas and optimize the allocation of labor resources to promote the regional TFP and economic growth of Anhui Province.

基金项目：

安徽大学学术创新项目"城市化进程中的人口经济研究"

作者简介：

魏峰(1974-),女,安徽宿州人,安徽大学经济学院讲师。研究方向: 人口经济学、计量经济学。

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