人口与经济

贸易开放、人力资本与制造业劳动力工资差距—基于门槛效应模型的实证研究

下载PDF阅读器

作者：梁滢^1,2, 李金玲²

单位： 1. 中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院, 北京 100081;
2. 内蒙古财经大学商务学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010051

关键词：贸易开放;人力资本;劳动力工资差距;门槛效应

分类号：F244

出版年,卷(期):页码：2013,34(3):75-83

摘要：

本文基于1998~2010年28个省市的面板数据,采用门槛效应模型,研究了我国人力资本在贸易开放对制造业高技能劳动力和低技能劳动力工资差距影响中的门槛效应。研究结果表明:以贸易开放和出口开放为依赖变量时,人力资本存在单一门槛效应,并且当人力资本小于门槛值时,贸易开放和出口开放会扩大劳动力工资差距,但是这种影响并不显著,当人力资本大于门槛值时,则会显著地缩小劳动力工资差距;以进口开放为依赖变量时存在双重门槛效应,当人力资本小于前两个门槛值时,进口开放会显著地扩大劳动力工资差距,当人力资本大于第二个门槛值后,会扩大劳动力工资差距,但是这种扩大的趋势变得不再显著。同时,本文以贸易开放的人力资本门槛值为标准划分出到2010年17个省市处于低人力资本区,11个省市处于高人力资本区。

Based on the panel data of 28 provinces during 1998~2010,the paper analyze the threshold effect of the human capital on the trade openness to high-skilled labor and low-skilled labor's manufacture wage gap in China through the threshold effect model. The results of the study show that the human capital has a single threshold when trade openness and export openness are the dependant variables. As long as the human capital is higher than threshold value trade openness can broaden the wage gap. While the human capital is lower than threshold value,trade openness will narrow the wage gap significantly. As the same time,the human capital has double threshold effect to the dependents variables of import openness. As long as the human capital is higher than threshold value, import openness can broaden the wage gap significantly. But this expansion becomes no longer significant while the human capital is lower than threshold value. To threshold value of trade openness,there are 17 provinces belongings to the lower human capital area and 11 provinces belongings to the higher human capital area in 2010.

基金项目：

作者简介：

梁滢(1980-),女,中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院博士研究生,内蒙古财经大学商务学院讲师。研究方向:国际贸易。

参考文献：

[1] Xu,B.and Li,W.Trade,Technology and China's Rising Skill Demand [J].Economics of Transition,2008,(16).
[2] Wood,A.Openness and Wage Inequality in Developing Countries: The Latin American Challenge to East Asian Conventional Wisdom [J].The World Bank Economic Review,1997,(1).
[3] Leamer,Edward E.What's the Use of Factor Contents? [J].Journal of International Economics,2000,50 (2).
[4] Freeman,Richard B.and Ostendorp,Remco.Wages around the World: Pay across Occupations and Countries [R].NBER Working Paper No.8058,2000.
[5] Krugman,Paul R.Technology,Trade and Factor Prices [J].Journal of International Economics,2000,(2).
[6] Feenstra,Robert C.and Gordon H.Hanson.Productivity Measurement and the Impact of Trade and Technology on Wages: Estimates for the U.S.1972-1990 [J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1996,114.
[7] Acemoglu,Daron.Changes in Unemployment and Wage Inequality: An Alternative Theory and Some Evidence [J].The American Economic Review (AER),1998,89 (5).
[8] Acemoglu,Daron.Labor and Capital_Augmenting Technical Change [J].Journal of the European Economic Association,2003,(3).
[9] Helpman,Elhanan,Oleg Itskhoki,Stephen Redding.Wages,Unemployment and Inequality with Heterogeneous Firms and Workers [R].NBER Working Paper,No.14122,2008.
[10] Xu Bin.Trade Liberalization,Wage Inequality and Endogenously Determined Non-traded Goods [J].Journal of International Economics,2003,(60).
[11] Beyer,Harald,Patricio Rojas,Rodrigo Vergara.Trade Liberalization and Wage Inequality [J].Journal of Development Economics,1999,(59).
[12] Reshef,A.Heckscher-ohlin and the Global Rise of Skill Premia: Factor Intensity Reversals to the Rescue [R].Manuscript,New York University,2005.
[13] Goldberg,Pinelopi and Pavcnik,Nina.Trade Liberalization and Industry Wage Structure: Evidence from Brazil [J].World Bank Econ Rev,2004,18 (3).
[14] Robertson,Raymond.Relative Prices and Wage Inequality: Evidence from Mexico [J].Journal of International Economics,2004,(11).
[15] Green,Francis and Dickerson,Andy.A Picture of Wage Inequality and the Allocation of Labor through a Period of Trade Liberalization: The Case of Brazil [J].World Development,2001,(11).
[16] 杨全发,舒元.中国出口贸易对经济增长的影响[J].世界经济与政治,1998,(8).
[17] 万广华,陆铭,陈钊.全球化与地区间收入差距: 来自中国的证据[J].中国社会科学,2005,(3).
[18] 宋红军.对外贸易、全要素生产率与地区收入差距[J].理论探索,2011,(6).
[19] 王怀民,李凯杰.加工贸易与地区收入差距[J].世界经济研究,2010,(8).
[20] 张衔,赵诗琴.对外贸易发展与我国地区间收入差距的关联研究[J].经济问题,2011,(12).
[21] 谢申祥,王孝松.贸易开放、FDI 与中国地区间收入差距—基于省际面板数据的经验分析[J].经济管理,2011,(4).
[22] 陈怡.对外开放与中国制造业工资差距—基于劳动力供需模型的实证检验[J].财贸经济,2011,(1).
[23] 黄央信.外贸对细分制造业工资差距的影响[J].中国商界,2009,(5).
[24] 杨容.出口商品结构与工资差距—基于我国工业行业的分析[J].现代管理科学,2011,(6).
[25] 喻美辞.国际贸易、技术进步对相对工资差距的影响—基于我国制造业数据的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2008,(4).
[26] 喻美辞.进口贸易、R&D 溢出与相对工资差距: 基于我国制造业面板数据的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2010,(7).
[27] 王中华,王雅琳,赵曙东.国际垂直专业化与工资收入差距—基于工业行业数据的实证分析[J].财经研究,2009,(7).
[28] 王云飞,朱钟棣.贸易发展对我国熟练及非熟练劳动力相对就业与工资差距的影响—基于行业面板数据的分析[J].经济经纬,2010,(4).
[29] 邓军.制造业的生产分割与工资收入差距: 16 个行业证据[J].改革,2011,(1).
[30] 赵明亮,臧旭恒.垂直专业化分工与中国劳动力工资收入差距[J].东岳论丛,2011,(9).
[31] Hansen,B.Threshold Effects in Non-Dynamic Panels: Estimation,Testing and Inference [J].Journal of Economics,1999,93 (2).
[32] Avalosa,Savviedsa.The Manufacturing Wage Inequality in Latin America and East Asia: Openness,Technology Transfer,and Labor Supply [J].Review of Development Economics,2006,10 (4).
[33] Jäntti.A More Efficient Estimate of the Effects of Macroeconomic Activity on the Distribution of Income [J].The Review of Economics and Statistics,1994,76 (2).
[34] 同[1] .
[35] 同[25] .
[36] 同[26] .
[37] 王苍峰,司传宁.经济开放、技术进步与我国制造业的工资差距[J].南开经济研究,2011,(6).

欢迎阅读《人口与经济》，您是本文的第位浏览者。