Based on the date of the second national agricultural census in Beijing,using the theory related to industrial structure,this paper makes an empirical analysis on the demographic changes in Beijing over the last decade,the evolution of industrial structure as well as the interaction relationship between them. The results imply that Beijing's industrial layout and the overall changes in the rural industrial structure fundamentally determines the number of the resident population in rural areas,the structure and the changes of spatial distribution. In turn,the changes in the resident population in rural areas and the derived changes in consumer demand promote the continuous upgrading of the rural industrial structure.