应用"中国农村妇女就业和生育"抽样调查的数据,比较中国农村上海嘉定县、山西孝义县和陕西洛川县妇女就业状态、性别偏好和生育行为之间的关系。研究发现,妇女就业水平和生育之间的关系在区域之间有很大不同;妇女的就业类型对生育行为没有影响;而妇女的男孩偏好对此有很大影响。这些表明社会经济发展水平、计划生育政策和执行程度以及文化特征显著决定了妇女就业和生育之间的关系。然而两种标准的假说:妇女角色不相容理论和工作机会成本理论,并不能解释这种关系。

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